喬布斯10大舉措震驚IT業界：勇于推陳出新

北京時間8月30日消息，據國外媒體報道，美國知名IT雜志《eWeek》網站今天撰文，稱史蒂夫·喬布斯（Steve Jobs）的10大舉措改變并震驚了整個IT領域。

eWeek網站的文章內容如下：

蘋果前首席執行官史蒂夫·喬布斯上周宣布辭去CEO一職，但仍將擔任公司董事會主席，自此也將標明一個時代的終結。多年以來，全世界的人們都看到了喬布斯將一個瀕臨滅絕的小公司發展到了市值最大的公司。

喬布斯的成功簡直可以說是令人震驚。很難想像，在上世紀90年代，蘋果差點以極低的價格被Sun微系統公司收購。但是，喬布斯的神奇遠遠超出了他在蘋果所取得的業績。喬布斯向市場發布了諸多新產品，而這些新產品又重新催生了全新的行業。一旦喬布斯進入了業已建立的市場，他就會很快革新消費對產品的思維方式。總而言之，史蒂夫·喬布斯通過諸多措施改變并震驚了整個科技業界。

1、漂亮的設計

最為重要的是，史蒂夫·喬布斯非常關注設計。在很久之前，喬布斯就認識到消費者更青睞外觀漂亮的產品，無論是小汽車還是計算機，消費者都希望這些產品的外觀能夠比市場上的類似產品更加漂亮。正是因為他的獨特眼光，喬布斯能夠將這些漂亮外觀的產品帶給消費者。在此過程之中，喬布斯也向其他所有競爭者證明，要想趕上蘋果，那么競爭對手就必須更好地設計出外觀漂亮而且具有創意的產品。

2、嚴守秘密

縱觀整個科技行業，仍有大量的公司存在泄密的情況。一些公司輕易地就把內部商定的秘密泄露給外界，但在蘋果，向公眾泄露秘密將是一種犯罪，泄密的員工也將會被解雇，蘋果在執行保密政策方面極度殘酷，但喬布斯制定和崇尚的這種做法卻起到了積極的作用，而且其它公司也都想效仿這樣的制度。

3、打造客戶參與的企業文化

科技業界的公司犯下的最嚴重錯誤之一就是打造的企業文化只有自己的員工知道。但在蘋果，史蒂夫·喬布斯也將普通客戶和企業客戶融進了其企業文化之中，并讓這些客戶感到，蘋果公司就是重要產品的重要提供商。喬布斯成功地讓蘋果粉絲群購買蘋果的產品。

4、利用粉絲群

史蒂夫·喬布斯再度執掌蘋果之后，真正地想利用好公司小但忠誠的粉絲群體。喬布斯認識到，這對公司的未來發展非常重要，他需要這些粉絲群體，并把他們打造成為蘋果公司新產品的免費眾代言人。通過這些措施，蘋果公司的粉絲規模大幅增長，如今，全球數千萬的的用戶都在不惜一切代價地維護蘋果品牌。而且在許多方式上，那些忠誠的粉絲群體也改變了整個科技業界，并保證了蘋果的主導地位。

5、更好的定價

即使是在今天，各大公司也都認為，要想吸引客戶就需要提供低于競爭對手的價格，但是，史蒂夫·喬布斯卻展現出一種迥然不同的方式。蘋果公司的產品價格競爭對手更加昂貴，但銷量卻高于競爭對手。蘋果能夠取得這樣的效果，主要是因為其一直被消費者認為是能夠“物具其值”的產品。如今，其它一些公司開始嘗試采用與蘋果相同的這種定價方式，但他們是否能夠取得同樣的效果卻仍需拭目以待。

6、改變娛樂產品行業

史蒂夫·喬布斯再度擔任蘋果首席執行官之后，音樂行業正有著自己的發展勢頭，消費者被迫購買音樂播放器，而且這些播放器只能在一段時間內收聽一些歌曲。不過，喬布斯帶領蘋果推出了iPod，歷史已經表明，這是最好的音樂產品之一，改變了人們聽音樂的方式，而且也影響也整個零售行業。

7、打開了平板電腦市場

在2009年iPad問世之前，平板電腦就已經存在，但沒有更多的發展。事實上，當時的平板電腦市場并不存在，但隨著iPad的面世，所有的一切都發生了變化。如今，平板電腦幾乎無處不在，而且還有許多人士相信，平板電腦將會取代整個上網本和輕巧型的筆記本電腦。正是因為喬布斯，一個全新的市場開始誕生。

8、觸摸屏產品無處不在

如果沒有iPhone，估計iPad也很難對整個行業產生徹底變革。iPhone在2007年推出時，配備了3.5英寸的觸摸屏，這種設備也巨大地改變了人們購買移動產品的思維。在iPhone推出之前，消費者對配備較小顯示屏和物理鍵盤等功能的設備比較滿意，但如今，情況已經大不相同，消費者喜歡配備較大顯示屏和觸摸屏的設備。如果沒有這些功能，這些設備將會面臨慘敗的結局，這一點問問RIM就清楚了。

9、讓科技“酷”起來

多年以來，人們一直沒有將科技視為“最酷”的事物，但在史蒂夫·喬布斯來到蘋果，并帶領蘋果公司推出市場最漂亮的產品之后，一切就發生變化了。如今，一件漂亮的小科技產品已經成為那些追求流行或“酷”風格人士的必備品。

10、拋棄陳舊產品

史蒂夫·喬布斯一直以拋棄陳舊產品和推出最新最偉大的技術而著稱。即使是在近期，喬布斯也一直是革新的代言人。例如喬布斯辭去首席執行官之前不久，剛剛宣布不再在蘋果電腦中配備DVD光驅；另外，喬布斯還在Mac應用商店中推出了新版的Mac OS X Lion，供用戶下載。總而言之，史蒂夫·喬布斯一直都勇敢地成為拋棄陳舊技術的第一人，而且也是打造科技新趨勢和新技術標準的第一人，而這一點將會進一步鞏固其傳奇人生。


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Apple's Steve Jobs Rocked the IT Industry: 10 Ways He Did It

By: Don Reisinger
2011-08-29

News Analysis: Chairman Steve Jobs may no longer be running the day-to-day operations at Apple, but his impact on the industry will be felt for years to come.


When Apple's Steve Jobs announced last week that he was stepping down as CEO of the company he founded to take over as chairman of the tech giant's board, it was an end of an era. People around the globe have watched for years as Jobs led a technology juggernaut from the brink of extinction in the mid-1990s to the world's largest company in terms of market capitalization.

His success is nothing short of astounding. It's hard to remember now that Apple was nearly sold out to Sun Microsystems for a relative pittance in the late '90s before Jobs returned to head the then floundering company.

But Jobs' legacy stretches far beyond what he accomplished at Apple. Jobs has brought products to the market that have helped spawn entirely new industries. And when he entered established markets, he quickly revolutionized how consumers thought about products and how the competition thought about its own offerings. Simply put, Steve Jobs has changed the technology space in a host of ways.

Read on to find out how:

1. He made slick design a requirement

First and foremost, Steve Jobs cared about product design. He realized long ago that consumers are attracted to good-looking products. Whether it's a car or a computer, they want something that looks nicer than all similar products on the market. Thanks to his keen eye, Jobs was able to deliver that to them. In the process, he proved to all competitors that to keep up with Apple they better design products that are good-looking as well as innovative.

2. He brought secrecy to the fore

Looking around the technology space, there are a host of companies that have allowed leaks to run amok. They come up with ideas in-house, and next thing they know, information that they didn't want to share with the public got out. But at Apple, leaking information to the public is a crime that's punishable with firing, and the company can be ruthless about enforcing its secrecy policy. The effect of this policy, established and perfected by Jobs, is that it created a rumor mill unlike any other in the tech space that keeps Apple's name and every possible move in the news. Other companies wish they could enforce such a regimen as successfully.

3. A corporate culture customers were engaged in

One of the big mistakes companies in the technology industry make is to create a corporate culture that only the employees know about. At Apple, Steve Jobs brought consumers and enterprise users into the culture, schooling them on the idea that his company was a premium provider of premium products. He has succeeded in getting Apple's fan base to buy into this proposition. It was a tremendous move. It's something that other companies in the space are now trying to emulate.

4. Leveraging a fan base

When Steve Jobs took over at Apple for the second time, he really wanted to capitalize on his company's small, but dedicated fan base. He realized that it was central to his firm's future, and he needed those folks to be unpaid spokespeople for his products. Since then, his company's fan base has exploded, and now, tens of millions of people around the globe will defend the brand at any cost. In many ways, that dedicated fan base has changed the technology industry in a major way. It guarantees Apple's dominance; it keeps competitors at bay; and for third-party accessories makers or app developers, it's a potential cash cow. Make no mistake, Apple's dedicated fan base means everything.

5. Better pricing doesn't mean cheaper

Too often today, companies think that to appeal to consumers, they'll need to beat the pricing of competitors. But Steve Jobs has shown the industry a different way. His products are more expensive than their counterparts, and they have higher sales. Apple is able to do that because it has a reputation for delivering high quality for the money. Now, other companies are trying to establish the same approach. But whether or not they will be able to see the same sales performance (and high margins) remains to be seen.

6. Changing the face of entertainment

When Steve Jobs became CEO of Apple again, the music industry was enjoying itself. Physical media was the best way to get tracks, and consumers were forced to buy players that could only play a handful of songs at a time. But then he changed that with the iPod—a device that, history has proved, is one of the finest products ever launched. It transformed how people listen to music, it affected the retail industry, and it practically turned the music business on its head. That's Steve Jobs for you: changing multiple industries with a single device.

7. Tablets galore

Prior to the iPad's launch in 2009, tablets were available, but none rose above the level of niche products. In fact, the market was practically nonexistent. But then the iPad entered the fray, and all that changed. Now, tablets are everywhere, and many believe they will continue to take down netbooks and lightweight notebooks. Not bad. Thanks to Jobs, an entire marketplace was created and several others were drastically altered.

8. Touch screens everywhere

The iPad's ability to revolutionize the industry wouldn't have been possible without the iPhone. That device, which came with a 3.5-inch touch screen at its launch in 2007, dramatically changed how people bought mobile products and what buyers expected to see in these devices. Prior to the iPhone's launch, consumers were content with devices featuring smaller displays and physical keys. But now, that's not the case. Consumers today want devices with big displays and touch screens. Without them, devices will fail. Just ask RIM.

9. Making tech "cool"

Over the years, technology hasn't necessarily been viewed as the "coolest" thing for people to be into. But after Steve Jobs shook things up at Apple and offered up some of the finest products in the market, all that changed. These days a neat gadget is a necessity for someone who wants to be viewed as a stylish, or "cool," person. Unfortunately for other companies, typically that means buying a Mac, iPhone and iPad.

10. Ditching tired products

Steve Jobs has been known to ditch tired old products and bring on the latest and greatest technologies. Even as of late, he has been an agent of change. Rather than continue to include DVD drives in his company's computers, before he left as CEO, Jobs started to ditch them. He also offered up a disc-less version of Mac OS X "Lion" for download in the Mac App Store. But it's not always discontinuing what he believes are old ideas. Jobs made Apple one of the first computer makers to adopt USB technology. He's doing it again with the high-speed ThunderBolt I/O technology. Simply, Steve Jobs has never been shy about being the first to drop obsolescent technology and establishing new trends and technical standards. That trait alone could define his legacy.